Lowest cost of heat for modular sodium CSP? A “Billboard” solar receiver with a “Cartesian” heliostat layout

High-temperature liquid sodium receivers able to run at over 700°C may allow use of modular multi-tower system configurations similar to that being developed by the Australian firm Vast Solar (now Vast) for next-generation sodium-based concentrating solar power (CSP). Unlike today’s one tall central tower encircled by one large heliostat field, a liquid sodium-based CSP system …